Pdf importance of algae as a potential source of biofuel. Article views are the countercompliant sum of full text article downloads since november 2008 both pdf and html across all institutions and individuals. Annie dufey, 2006, biofuels production, trade and sustainable development. Bioenergy resources corn, sorghum, sugar cane animal fat, vegetable oil foodbased municipal solid waste msw millurban wood waste agricultural residues.
Renewable biofuels generally involve contemporary carbon fixation, such as those that occur in plants or microalgae through the process of photosynthesis. Utilizing biofuels for sustainable development in the panel. Freshwater is naturally occurring water found on the earths surface. Biodiesel is the most valuable form of renewable energy that can be used directly in any existing, unmodified diesel engine. Bioethanol is the most produced biofuel in the world and especially in brazil and the united states two main producing countries with 62% of the world production. Important increase in pr oduction and use, supported by government policies.
Importance of biodiesel as transportation fuel request pdf. Lignocellulosic biofuels are thus likely to be seen as a part of the portfolio of solutions being offered to reduce high energy prices, including more efficient energy use along with the use of other alternative fuels coyle, 2007. High transition cost from gasoline to biofuels shifting from gasoline to biofuels, given the number of gas. Energy information administration biofuels issues and trends 1 highlights biofuels is a collective term for liquid fuels derived from renewable sources, including ethanol, biodiesel, and other renewable liquid fuels.
Not all feedstocks that are part of the actual eu biofuels feedstock mix have been selected, most notably used cooking oil and animal fats are not included. Though ethanol and other biofuels are often promoted as clean, lowcost alternatives to gasoline, industrial corn and soy farming still have a harmful impact on the environment, just in a different way. Algae can be grown in places where traditional crops cannot be grown and it consumes carbon dioxide, thus making it better than traditional sources of biofuels. The set of processes that lead from algae cultivation to collection and harvest, and finally to fuel conversion is termed the pathway for algal biofuel production. The term biofuel is usually used to reference liquid fuels, such as ethanol and biodiesel that are used as replacements for transportation fuels like. Learn more about the types and manufacture of biofuels as well as their economic and environmental considerations. Biofuels production is expected to be an intrinsic confluence to the renewable energy sector in the coming years under the european regulations for renewable energy. Thus, economical aspects of all types of biofuels are addressed. Considering the food problems, algae gain the most attention to be used as biofuel producers. India is dependent on imports of petroleum, where around 82 per cent of its crude oil requirement derived from the middle east. This report focuses on ethanol and biodiesel, the most widely available biofuels. Biofuel yields many benefits, however, i feel like the two most important benefits we see when utilizing biofuels are, number one is that it is renewable and.
Fuels are required for a variety of purposes,but are utilized chiefly for 2. Introduce students to the 3 generations of biofuels and the vocabulary and ideas behind biofuels. Possible algal biofuels include biodiesel, bioethanol, biooils, biogas, biohydrogen and bioelectricity, while important nonfuel options include the protein part of algae as. Oct 30, 2012 this video explains bio fuels and ethanol, their application, advantages and disadvantages. Key standpoints of the biofuels promotions are the reduction of national carbon emissions and rural deployment.
The rising number of automobiles has also raised the increase in consumption, where the crude oil import volume amounted to approximately 217 million metric tons during the year 2018. The factors which influence the transesterification reaction are water content of oils or fats and free fatty acids, molar ratio of glycerides to alcohol, catalysts, reaction time and reaction temperature. All the advances of modern society, including home heating, lighting, and clean drinking water, owe their development to the use of fossil fuels. Biomass has traditionally been the most important source of energy in rural areas and a major fuel even in the urban areas. The growing significance of renewable energy presentation. The land use change impact of biofuels consumed in the eu. Fuels fuels are any materials that store potential energy in forms that can be practicably released and used as heat energy. Biofuels are the only alternative to reducing greenhouse gas emissions while continuing to enjoy the benefits to society and economic activity associated with liquid fuels. Some of the agricultural products that are specially grown for the production of biofuels are switchgrass, soybeans and corn in united states. Learn more about the types and manufacture of biofuels as well as. Equally important are studies to obtain a clear diagnosis of the environmental impact of specific biofuels, in terms of combustion emissions, which vary according to the specific biofuel used. Introduction to biofuel april 30, 2009 eep 142 presented by. The reason is that they are nonrenewable source of energy.
Biofuels issues and trends energy information administration. It is important to note that the structure of the biofuel itself does not change between generations, but rather the source from which the fuel is derived changes. The last two are currently the main sources of ethanol in europe. Biotechnology had given it commercial value and also is helping our only earth which has the life by supporting environment ecological balance with such nonpollution biofuels. Since biomass technically can be used as a fuel directly e. Biofuel cells offer biocompatibility and operation at mild conditions, but application is limited by relatively low output power. Advantages and disadvantages of first generation biofuels bioenergy, particularly biofuels, sustainability is a key aspect of the future energy development. Any biofuel made from a feedstock that can also be consumed as a human food is considered a first generation biofuel. Derivative of biomass, organic matter originated in a biological process, spontaneous or provoked, usable as an energy source. Large scale manufacture of ethanol as fuel is performed from sugar cane in brazil, while it is produced from. Agricultural residues and crops grown for producing energy are major feedstock sources for biofuels.
Being the major source of energy, fuels are considered the most important. Nan shi doris chen yu hui becky li songxu daniel wu. Biofuels are making a resurgence due to increasing oil prices, dwindling fossil fuel reserves, the desire to have a renewable, reliable source of energy and as a. Importance of biofuels or biodiesels and how they are. Generations of biofuels objective oregon state university. Bioethanol can be produced from a number of crops including sugarcane, corn maze, wheat and sugar beet. Biofuel is advocated as a costeffective and environmentally benign alternative to petroleum and other fossil fuels. Biofuels recycle carbon dioxide during photosynthesis the process used by plants to growcarbon dioxide is absorbed from the atmosphere. Biofuels are combustible fuels created from biomass.
While some people see global warming as a natural event, most. A biofuel is a type of fuel whose energy is derived from biological carbon fixation. Ecofysiiasae4tech the luc impact of biofuels consumed in the eu 10 2 description of the modelling baseline in this study, the luc impacts of the european biofuel policy are assessed by comparing different biofuel demand scenarios with a baseline scenario see figure 11 in chapter 3. Therefore, it is in advance to say that biofuels are important energy in the future. The importance of freshwater resources environmental sciences essay.
But the law requires increasing use of ethanol, which comes from corn, contributing to higher food. Biofuels are essential to protecting the environment and. Apr 17, 2015 these slides use concepts from my jeff funk course entitled analyzing hitech opportunities to examine the increasing economic feasibility of algae biofuels. The importance of lignocellulosic ethanol stems from the assumed possibility of using inexpensive feedstock, avoid direct and indirect competition with human food and animal feed, and reduce environmental risks, that is, soil degradation, and water and air pollution, which are associated with firstgeneration biofuels. But biotechnology is always changing the limitations in to plenty. In other words, fuel which produced from renewable biological resources such as plant biomass and treated municipal and industrial waste. There are a variety of biofuels potentially available, but the main biofuels being considered globally are biodiesel and bioethanol.
What are the economic and policy factors influencing biofuel development. Biodiesel production from algae to overcome the energy. Petrol, diesel and other similar energy sources are limited and will come to an end one day. How realistic is it to expect secondgeneration biofuels to be of any significant importance in achieving biofuels targets in the next decade. The fear of diminishing the available sources thirst towards biofuel production has increased during last decades. As the price of crude oil continues to increase, and as the country sets its sights on becoming less dependent on foreign oil the. Issues and concerns biofuels have been billed as an important component in the united states bid to become less dependent on foreign energy. To reduce our dependence on fossil fuels to reduce reliance on foreign oil to lower emissions of greenhouse gases to bring business to rural economics. The mix of conventional feedstocks is based on eu fas posts usda 2014, the mix of advanced feedstocks is determined by the model cost minimisation. Uneven solar heating of the earths surface causes wind. The land use change impact of biofuels consumed in the eu quantification of area and greenhouse gas impacts by.
Can play a significant role in climate change policy and in measures to reduce ghg. With the increase in demand for alternative energy sources, demand for agricultural land could increase. A biofuel is a fuel that is produced through contemporary processes from biomass, rather than a fuel produced by the very slow geological processes involved in the formation of fossil fuels, such as oil. Increase demand for biofuel derived from cash crops such as sugarcane, sugar beet, maize and sorghum would. Enzymes can also utilize unrefined feedstock such as waste oil, without even needing the separation of free fatty acids that may be present in abundance in the feedstock, which is. Growing corn for ethanol involves large amounts of synthetic fertilizer and herbicide. Factors like the finite petroleum reserves and constantly rising demands for energy by the industrialised as well as the highly populated countries on their way to industrialisation like india and china have made it absolutely necessary to look into alternate and efficient methods to replace these fuels in future stephanopoulos, 2008. Biofuels production, trade and sustainable development.
Dec 24, 2014 importance of algae as a potential source of biofuel article pdf available in cellular and molecular biology noisylegrand, france 106109. For instance, the use of enzymes allows consumption of less energy in the production process. Introduction to biofuel university of california, berkeley. In my opinion, the research on biofuels should keep going, and it would be best if more groups of biofuel perform, then the uses of biofuel can be applied and spread more extensively. The author expresses his thanks to lucas assuncao, simonetta zarrilli, lalen lleander, erwin rose, jennifer burnett, and other unctad staff involved in the biofuels initiative for their helpful comments on early drafts of this publication.
Jun 25, 2019 biofuels in india are of strategic importance as it augers well with the ongoing initiatives of the government such as make in india, swachh bharat abhiyan, skill development and offers great opportunity to integrate with the ambitious targets of doubling of farmers income, import reduction, employment generation, waste to wealth creation. The carbon that is absorbed is the major component of the biomass. Air and water pollution and solid waste management are some of the major problems being faced by the modern society. To know why it is important we first we need to know what is freshwater. Whether its the melting of the frozen glaciers that shroud kilimanjaro, africas highest mountain, or the overall rise in the level of the oceans, global warming is reshaping the planet. This handbook describes the current discussion about these issues and summarizes results of several studies. Biofuels production and processing technology crc press. Importance of renewable resources of energy home guides.
Biofuels, on the other hand, are produced from biological material that has been living recently. Production of biodiesel from algae article pdf available in journal of pure and applied microbiology 91. Fresh water has been considered one of the most important natural resources over the years. Therefore, there are many reasons why we are interested in biofuels. Thermophysical characterization of the seeds of invasive. Ghg calculation methods are presented and potential impacts of biofuel production characterized. Biofuels production and processing technology crc press book the importance of biofuels in greening the transport sector in the future is unquestionable, given the limited available fossil energy resources, the environmental issues associated to the utilization of fossil fuels, and the increasing attention to security of supply. Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Industrial reactors for algal culture are open ponds, photobioreactors and closed systems. This chapter describes several contrasting pathways that lead from algae cultivation to. The use of rapeseed biodiesel represents a good opportunity for the achievement of the european goals. But today the world can have the option of biofuels or biodiesels with the help of biotechnology only. Biofuels are fuels that are produced by a biological process. Ghg balances and sustainability aspects are important issues in the current discussion about biofuels.
There are number of studies established the viability of the biofuels production in their nationwide and across the region. This is especially true for industrial corn farmers. This roadmap is intended to summarize the state of technology for algaebased fuels and. Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by crossref and updated daily. The most important feature of biomass is that they are renewable sources of energy unlike other natural resources like coal, petroleum and even nuclear fuel. An overview of bioethanol production from algae intechopen. Viability studies of biofuels though biofuels like ethanol promise renewable green energy, these alternatives to fossil fuels are far from commercial and environmental viability. Our standard of living is supported by energy consumption.
Algae will some day be competitive as a source for biofuel. But the law requires increasing use of ethanol, which. How fast is the technology for secondgeneration biofuels developing. Biofuels alcohols and biodiesel applications as fuels for. There are different types of biofuels like biofuels that can be solid, liquid, or gaseous, further divided into bioethanol, biodiesel, biogas, biohydrogen, etc. The difference between fossil fuels and biofuels is that fossil fuels were produced millions of years ago when plants and other organisms died, became buried and were subjected to high temperatures and pressures forming coal, oil or natural gas. Biofuel, renewable energy source that is derived from plant, algal, or animal biomass. Despite jubilant outlook of biofuels for sustainable development, research efforts still tend to link the biofuel. More people are using biofuels as a way to save money and decrease their consumption of fossil fuels. Jun 18, 2015 the overall facts indicate the importance of biofuels production that is the way towards the future energy fuel to the developed and developing countries. To minimize the water footprint of biofuels, it is important to recognize that some crops yield more biofuel energy with lower requirements for agricultural land, fertilizer, and water, and that consumptive water evapotranspiration requirements tend to increase with land requirement figure 1. Moreover, economical aspects are of crucial importance for establishing and sustaining biofuel markets. More often than not however, the word biomass simply. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.
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